Spanish Verbs Meaning To Become

Spanish has no single verb that you can use to translate to become. Your choice of verb typically will depend on the nature of change that occurs, such as whether its sudden or involuntary. Spanish also has a multitude of verbs that are used for specific types of change — for example, enloquecer often means to become crazy and deprimirse means to become depressed. Llegar a ser Llegar a ser typically refers to change over a long period of time, often with effort. It is often translated as to eventually become. Andrea Montenegro llegà ³ a ser considerada una de las modelos mà ¡s populares del paà ­s. (Andrea Montenegro came to be considered one of the countrys most popular models.)Es inevitable que todos lleguemos a ser ancianos. (Its inevitable that all of us will become old.)No creo que llegue a ser un problema. (I dont believe itll become a problem.)Lo mà ¡s importante para que un nià ±o llegue a ser bilingà ¼e es hacer que su desarrollo del lenguaje sea una experiencia agradable y positiva. (The most important thing for a child in becoming bilingual is making language development a pleasant and positive experience.) Ponerse The reflexive form of the common verb poner, ponerse, is often used to refer to a change in emotion or mood, especially when the change is sudden or temporary. It can also be used to refer to changes in physical appearance and many other traits and can apply to inanimate objects as well as persons. Cuando llegà ³ Antonio, su madre se puso feliz de tenerlo en casa. (When Antonio arrived, his mother became very happy to have him at home.)En aquel dà ­a me puse enfermo. (On that day I became sick.)Cuando el cielo se pone oscuro las mariposas dejan de volar. (When the sky becomes dark the butterflies quit flying.)No nos pongamos tristes. Se va a un lugar mejor. (Lets not become sad. Hes going away to a better place.) Hacerse Another reflexive verb, hacerse, usually refers to deliberate or voluntary changes. It often refers to a change in identity or affiliation. Admite que se hizo escritor por desesperacià ³n. (He admits that he became a writer out of desperation.) ¿Cà ³mo me hago miembro de Mensa? (How can I become a member of Mensa?)Vamos a hacernos millonarios. (Were going to become millionaires.)Mi padre nunca fue muy religioso, pero sà © que se hizo ateo aquel dà ­a trà ¡gico. (My father was never very religious, but I know that he became an atheist on that dreadful day.) Convertirse en This verb phrase convertirse en typically means to change into or to turn into. It typically suggests a major change. Although less common, transformarse en can be used in much the same way. Es el dà ­a que me convertà ­ en mujer. (It is the day I became a woman.)Nos convertimos en lo que pensamos. (We become what we think.)Me convertà ­ en una persona mucho mà ¡s feliz. (I turned into a much happier person.)Nos transformamos en lo que queremos ser. (We turn ourselves into what we want to be.)En la metà ¡fora, la oruga se transforma en mariposa. (In the metaphor, the caterpillar becomes a butterfly.) Volverse Volverse typically suggests involuntary change and generally applies to people rather than inanimate objects. Los jugadores se volvieron locos. (The players went crazy.)Con el tiempo, me volvà ­ perezoso y terminà © escribiendo. (With time, I became lazy and ended up writing.)Es la paradoja del ahorro: Si todos ahorramos, nos volveremos pobres. (Its the paradox of savings: If we all save, we will become poor.) Pasar a ser This phrase pasar a ser suggests change that occurs in the course of events. It is often translated as to go on to be. Pasà © a ser subordinada de à ©l. (I came to be his subordinate.)Pasamos a ser nuestro peor enemigo. (We are becoming our own worst enemy.)Al mismo tiempo, Europa pasaba a ser el mayor inversor extranjero en Argentina y Chile. (At the same time, Europe came to be the biggest foreign investor in Argentina and Chile.) Reflexive Verbs and Changes in Emotion Many verbs that refer to having emotions can be used reflexively to refer to a person becoming someone with a particular emotional state. Reflexive verbs can refer to other kinds of changes as well: Me aburrà ­ de la monotonà ­a. (I got bored with the monotony.)El soldado se exasperà ³ por la incapacidad de decisià ³n de sus jefes de guerra. (The soldier became frustrated by the inability of the war chiefs to make a decision.)Me alegrà © al ver el hospital. (I became happy to see the hospital.)Casi se atragantà ³ cuando vio los noticieros. (She almost became choked up when she saw the news.) Nonreflexive Verbs Denoting Change Many reflexive verbs denote change or becoming, but so do a smaller number of nonreflexive verbs: Milton enrojecià ³ cuando la vio. (Milton turned red when he saw her.)Las ideas buenas escasearon. (Good ideas became scarce.)La situacià ³n empeorà ³ con rapidez. (The situation quickly became worse.) Key Takeaways Spanish uses a variety of verbs to translate to become, the choice depending on what is changing and the nature of the change.Most of Spanish verbs of becoming are in the reflexive form.Spanish verbs exist for some highly specific types of change, such as enrojecer, to become red.

Theme Of Pride In The Great Gatsby - 1177 Words

Pride demonstrates the idea that one can find happiness within their own achievement, allowing them to build up their personal ego before building up their trust in others. The books examined this year all display characters who embody excess pride, that the pride either sets them apart in society or pushes them to start separating society by themself. With evidence from The Great Gatsby, The Crucible, and The Grapes of Wrath it can be proven that pride can lead to separation within a society. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby outlines this theme through the hollowness of the upper class. In the book there are two divisions of the upper class, the old money and the new money, those who inherited their money are the old money and†¦show more content†¦Similarly to The Great Gatsby, Arthur Miller’s The Crucible also displays the effect growing pride has on the separation of a society. In this case the fear within the characters causes their pride. Abigail Williams creates mass hysteria throughout Salem in attempt to cover up her own tracks, she uses her pride to persuade the whole village and move them into conforming with her ideals. As she repeatedly accuses people of working with the devil, as she claims she saw them with the devil, she begins to move herself higher up on the social ranking, satisfying her greedy nature and excessive pride. This concept is used throughout the play to morph Salem into essentially how Abigail Williams pleases as s he removes people from the village through execution. This allots the idea that she not only gains pride through the trials but also how she uses that to separate society into the people deemed good and the people deemed bad. This leads to further separation in the society as people begin to conform to this mass hysteria about the devil being in Salem. People conform to Abigail’s words as she essentially brings all of Salem under her control. The girls within the play create a bubble around Abigail as they follow her every move. This extra bumper not only raises Abigail’s pride but also extends the credibility of the group as they allShow MoreRelatedF.Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Comparison and Contrasted with Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice1708 Words   |  7 Pagescreating meaning for other texts. An example of this is Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, this novel is more easily understood when it is compared and contrasted to other literature works, such as F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby. The aspects of the two novels that can be compared and contrasted are the plot development, characterisation, setting, narrative point of view, writers context and themes and issues. The plot of Pride and Prejudice is about a lower upper class woman in the 18th centuryRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1355 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the novel The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. 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This essay will investigate theRead MoreThemes Of The Twenties In The Great Gatsby1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe great Gatsby was regarded as a brilliant source of social commentary of the roaring twenties- a time period of wealth, excitement, and economic boom. Much like the characters and the settings of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the twenties are a time when people thought they had the American dream. Fitzgerald provides a superb source of commentary on society and the economic standpoint of America in the twenties, and for this reason, the reader can infer much about the book, from the period, andRead More Fitzgerald and Short Story Writing Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing too light in sub ject matter and for being only money-makers for Fitzgerald. In fact, the popular magazines that he wrote for, such as the Saturday Evening Post, Red Book, McCall’s, and Collier’s, did prefer and pay more for stories with light themes and thus encouraged Fitzgerald to write this way (Mangum 65). Some of his stories were praised, however, such as â€Å"May Day†, â€Å"The Ice Palace†, â€Å"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz†, â€Å"The Rich Boy†, and â€Å"Babylon Revisited†. Moreover, recent literary criticsRead MoreWhat Is The Role Of Women In The Great Gatsby857 Words   |  4 Pagesincredibly hard to break this stigma since this standard was established centuries ago. Throughout history, the common role of a woman was to sit at home, cook, clean take care of the kids. In 1925, during the time that F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby, that standard was not any different. Daisy Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson were portrayed as obl ivious women who would do anything for a man. It was perceived as outrageous when Jordan Baker did the complete opposite. She is considered a modern womanRead More6. The Value/Danger Of Wealth. These Few Words By John1254 Words   |  6 Pageshostile comrade, a domestic enemy.† after reading The Great Gatsby. During Twenties, the nation’s wealth doubled. Was wealth the greatest â€Å"happiness† to pursue? The impact of wealth can display one’s true identity. In The Great Gatsby, wealth directly reflected the success of a person, but the pursuit of opulence twisted foundation of the American dream by resulting in greediness. Money enticed people into accomplishing a directive due to its great worth, which could potentially result in good consequencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby 1044 Words   |  5 PagesSimilarly, in a novel that takes place nearly a 100 years in the past, The Great Gatsby by Scott F. Fitzgerald describes the fancy shell o f Jay Gatsby, an aristocrat, through the eyes of Nick Carraway. As the novel comes to manifest many themes, including the American Dream and the Roaring 20’s, the reader cannot help but notice the emptiness of these upperclassmen. 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By reading this novel, the reader comes to the conclusion that our capability to love deviates with every person we come across. Love is in some ways an art, and it transforms as people transform. Janie Crawford, perhaps one of the greatest l ove philosophers and protagonist, says, â€Å"Love

Same Sex Marriages in Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Same Sex Marriages in Australia. Answer: Homosexuality refers to a romantic or sexual relationship or attraction between persons of same sex. It is a category of sexual orientation which means a continuing behavior of attraction of sexual or romantic nature towards a certain gender. Sexual orientation is broadly categorized into heterosexuals (persons attracted to persons of opposite gender), homosexuals (persons attracted to persons of same gender) and bisexuals (persons attracted to both the genders simultaneously). Homosexuals include gays (men attracted to men) and lesbians (women attracted to women). These forms of orientation and relationships were not recognized in ancient times and are still not given recognition in many countries till date. Same sex marriages have been recently given legal recognition in many countries like Argentina, France, United States, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand and most recently in Uruguay in 2017. It is still not recognized in Australia but a huge support is given to such marriages . According to the federallaw of Australia each state and territory is empowered to make laws regarding same sex relationships still their relationship is considered as de-facto relationship. Themarriage law of Australia expressly excludes to give recognition to any form of union other than that of a man and a woman (Marriage Act 1961 (Cth) s 46). Till date almost twenty two Bills related to same sex marriages have been presented before the Parliament of Australia but not a single Bill out of them has been passed (McKeown 2017). The Australian Capital Territory gave recognition to same sex marriages by passing a Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act, 2013 in December 2013 which was later struck down by the High Court for the reason that it was in contravention of section 46(1) of the Marriage Act 1961 (Cth). According to a survey conducted by Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA) for evaluating the support of different groups of persons of Australian society for same sex marriages (Smyth 2017) it has been observed that the rate of support for same sex couples to have equal rights with heterosexual couples has considerably increased since 2005 and also the percentage of people who agree that equal rights with heterosexual couples shall be given to the same sex couples has also increased to a great extent. The category of people who are in support of the equal rights of same sex couples includes women, homosexuals, young people, non- religious people, persons of high- income group and persons living in major cities (Perales Campbell, 2017). A recent voting has been conducted in Australia as an initiative of the coalition government of Malcom Turnbull to know the view of general public regarding the validation of same sex marriages in Australia as the issue of same sex marriage was the major topic of discussion during 2016 elections (Westcott 2017). According to a report of news.com there is a need for change in Marriage laws of Australia to legalize the same sex marriages. The legalization of homosexual marriages will not interfere with the rights of religious marriages which are different from legal marriages whereby the religious leaders will still hold the right to refuse to marry homosexual couples. The homosexual marriages are not connected to religious rites rather it is a custom which is as old as the tribal groups of Britain. A number of religious institutions are concerned that if homosexual marriages are given recognition they will be compelled to perform against their religious beliefs but these institutions are given privilege to discriminate persons on the grounds of gender, LGBT status, relationship status or pregnancy which gives them right to refuse to marry homosexual couples. As the Marriage Act of Australia does not gives legal recognition to the same sex marriages, it also does not recognizes any same sex marriage taken place outside Australia. Therefore, the homosexual couples who get married outside Australia in a country of which they are not the citizen, cannot get divorced after returning to Australia, neither do they can get divorced in the country in which they got married as they are not a citizen of that country. This the couple gets jammed into a legal midpoint. Further according to the FamilyLaw Act, if a married heterosexual woman becomes pregnant by having access to IVF, foster or adoption facility with the consent of her husband they become legal parent of the child but homosexual parents are required to prove their de facto relationship at the time of taking the procedure. Marriage gives legal status to heterosexual parents which is not available to homosexual parents until they are lawfully married. All married parents and even the non- biological parents have legal parental rights over their children. Since homosexual couples are already raising families allowing them to marry would only strengthen legal rights. In the case of same sex couples, on the death of one of the spouse, the rights of being legally married will sustain which are not available to the de facto couples. The heterosexual de facto couples of Australia face the same conditions as the homosexual couples do but they have right to marry which the latter do not have. Legalizing the same sex marriages will also give property rights to their children as marriage gives legal status to the children from the marriage. Further the legalizing will also give rights in the property of the spouse in case of the death of either of them. On the other hand, legalizing of the same sex marriages has some disadvantages. One of such disadvantage is the possibility of emergence of sexual experimentation especially in the younger generation. These acts of carnal experimentation will give bring complexities, rise in sexual diseases, etc. Further it would also complicate the courts oflaw to decide and make bifurcation regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties in cases of dispute arising from the same- sex marriages. Younger generation of homosexuals will be prone to major risk of sexual and mental health concerns. As per certain researches that have been conducted in countries that have already legalized homosexual marriages, it was found that the young homosexuals are experiencing social discrimination for their orientation which is expected to increase in case the homosexual marriages are not given legal recognition. It has been seen in the countries where homosexual marriages has been legalized that no mental health problems arise in those groups of homosexuals (The Conversation 2017). Therefore it may be summarized that in the recent voting that took place in Australia regarding the legalizing of the same sex couples shows that majority of the public is in its support. However, certain sections of the society are still not in the support a large number of people want the homosexuals to get rights under the marriage law. Marriage does not have its place to any religious group even if they have right to perform it. Customs change, and few customs have changed as much as the custom of marriage. With regard to the dispute that marriage is for the reproduction of children, this does not stand up to inspection. A number of mature couples marry despite the fact that they are unable to procreate or reproduce children. Younger couples are not obligated to show their productiveness before getting married. If the marriage laws are regarding the procreation of children, then participants should ask the newly married couples to make a pledge to endeavor to produce children. Participants are already obligated to make the statement that according to the Australian law marriages are a union of man and woman and not of others and it should be added that it is also for the purpose procreating children. This will be highly criticized by many couples who are unable to procreate children or do not want to have one. This should not stop them from marrying. By banning homosexual marriages, there will be a adverse effect on the lives of homosexual people. This means that banning homosexual marriages would restrain the religious autonomy of homosexual people. Either it can be believed that homosexual marriages are a legitimate practice or not. A large number of Australians believe that homosexual marriages is neither fundamentally destructive nor immoral. The practice of homosexuality has no negative effects upon those who elect not to involve in it. Therefore, the Government has no room in banning it and no room in discriminating against the persons who practice it. References: McKeown, D 2017, Chronology of same sex marriage bills introduced into the federal parliament: a quick guide. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/Quick_Guides/SSMarriageBills. [23 September 2017]. Marriage Act 1961 (Cth). Perales, F. Campbell, A. 2017. Who supports same-sex marriage in Australia? And who doesnt? University of Queensland. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-31/same-sex-marriage-who-supports-it-and-who-doesnt-hilda-data/8856884. [23 September 2017]. Smyth, J. (2017). Same- sex marriages reignites Australias culture wars. Financial Times. Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/f793f132-96f8-11e7-b83c-9588e51488a0. [23 September 2017]. The Conversation (2017) Legalising same-sex marriage will help reduce high rates of suicide among young people in Ausralia. Available from: https://theconversation.com/legalising-same-sex-marriage-will-help-reduce-high-rates-of-suicide-among-young-people-in-australia-82917. [23 September 2017]. Westcott, B. (2017). Australia votes on same- sex marriage: What you need to know. CNN. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/04/asia/australia-same-sex-marriage-explainer/index.html. [23 September 2017].

Digital Forensics Methodology

Question: Discuss about thrDigital Forensics Methodology. Answer: Introduction The term Digital Forensic is evolved from the word Computer forensics it is a forensic science branch which comprises of recovering and investigating the data stored in digital devices, which thus helps in dealing with cyber crimes (C Carr G Gunsch, 2002). It consists of variety of applications such as supporting or proving contentions before civil or criminal courts. Digital Forensics is also used in private sectors for investigating invasions or frauds also to investigate inter corporates. The outline of Digital Forensic process is to cease the relevant data, imaging the same, analyzing the digital media and concluding a report from the evidences collected. Digital forensics is not only used to identify evidences of cyber crimes but also for providing evidences for specific doubts, confirming reasons, determining the intention, identifying the sources and authentication of various documents. Forensic analysis which is based on answering series simple question is a narrow term as c ompared to investigation which is much wider in scope. Before 1980s there was no separate laws for computer crimes, Canada became the first country to pass the orders for dealing the computer crimes in a separate way without applying the existing laws, further this idea was also incorporated by U.S followed by Australia and England (Casey, Eoghan.2004). Aims Objectives Research will be conducted in the field of computer intrusion forensics to explain the merits and demerits of the same. The goal is to explore ways for preserving and recovering the data during digital forensic investigation. This research paper will explain about the powers which are assigned to company which plans to implement such tools, information will also be provided regarding the tools which are currently used by the companies in the field of digital forensics. The aim of this research is to identify the areas where the digital forensics can act as a means to solve the problematic issues such as cyber security areas, to bring out new ideas to fight against cyber crimes. To identify various advanced technologies and developments in digital forensics, to analyze the process of digital forensics and finding ways to improve the same. To conduct research and development with the help of emerging technologies and analyzing various forensic science fields. This research helps in ana lyzing how the developments in digital forensics helps in assisting governments, financial institutions, private and public sectors. This helps in gaining the understanding regarding hackers technique so that we can develop counter measures to curb such cyber attacks. To obtain knowledge of prevalent laws for dealing with cyber crimes and using digital forensic appropriately. Why I Have Chosen This Topic Through this research paper my goal is to bring this source into the digital forensic literature discussion, I want to bring into light the merits and demerits of computer intrusion forensics. A formal definition of digital forensics will be given. This paper will give details how the intrusion detection system act as a starting point of digital forensics and also various methods of data recovery and preservation while investigation of digital forensics will be discovered. Design For using digital forensic effectively in the area of cyber crimes and computer security various tools are designed example Intrusion detection system. Intrusion detection system use standard logs and audit trails to detect and analyze computers intrusion detection. Intrusion detection system which based on anomaly is used for identifying whether the form of particular activity is anomalous or not. If the pattern of specific activity is normal then that specific activity is authorized, valid, legal and safe. But if pattern of specific activity is anomalous then such activity is not authorized, legal and valid. Intrusion detection systems which are based on signature are used to compare a sequence of event which is known with pattern. If no match is found with any of the signatures which are already known then that particular activity will not be considered as valid, authorized and safe. If there is match with any of the signature which is known to us than that particular activity wil l be considered as legal, valid, authorized and safe. (Mohay et al. 2003). The aim of Intrusion detection System is to analyze (which should be preferred in real time), misuse, abuse, and unauthorized access to computer system by both outsiders and insiders. The sole purpose of digital forensic is to obtain sufficient and legal evidence to track the status of the person who committed the crime. Log files which are available can be used as base to collect appropriate and sufficient evidence by the investigator, thus as per above discussion intrusion detection system acts as an initial point for digital forensics. In next section we will discuss regarding methodologies/implementation of digital forensics. Digital Forensics Methodology/ Implementation Various steps are to be followed during digital forensics investigation. To perform the investigation there are various basic steps which can be further clarified as (Kruse II Heiser, 2002) Collecting the evidences Authenticating the evidences Evidence analysis Documenting the evidences. There are various other formal methodologies other than those stated which helps us to assist various actions taken during an investigation. Some methodologies are general which can be used during any situation which require digital evidence and provide readymade solution whereas others are specific. Farmer and Venema were the first persons to create the first methodology that concern UNIX operation system. Mandiya and Prosise created incidence response methodology which the second methodology. To apply methodologies on a bigger platform third methodology was established which was more conceptual than first two methodologies, it was established by US department of justice and was known as digital forensic methodology. This has four phases: Acquisition, evaluation, analysis and reporting. Fourth methodology was developed by workshops of digital forensic research based on academic work. Finally the authors of the papers established digital forensics conceptual model. Each methodology described above has its merits and demerits, example that the merit of conceptual or abstract model is that it can be used for analyzing those situations where digital evidences are used, and not just for examination of computers. Demerit of using conceptual model is that the processes will not be clea rly defined; therefore we use non conceptual methodologies in situations where problems are clearly defined. Contribution Digital forensics plays a vital role in the society; it helps to mitigate the cyber crime. The real life cases will help us to understand the importance of digital forensic in our life. ENRON Case: Enron is multibillion dollar company whose main work is to market the gas (natural), energy, electricity power. It also provides financial advice to the people to the people all over the world. There is a incident of bankruptcy in the company. In 2000 Enron earned revenue of more than 100 billion dollars (Parker Waichman, 2002). In 2001- Enron stocks fall down to 50 cents a share and thus because of this employees which were working in the company lost their jobs. Then in January 2002 a detailed federal investigation was held to determine the fraud due to which the company share fell (Parker Waichman, 2002). Digital forensic plays a very important role in this case, because of panic which was created by this company, fear was created among the employees and stakeholders. Information which was deleted from the computer is not completely erased from the computer; it is just inaccessible to the user but can be detected by digital forensic expert. The case discussed above explains why digital forensic is necessary. The cause of the same has already been discovered and now there is need to define the legal procedures which are required to preserve the evidence to present in the courts. This procedure is to be followed during various government investigations as well as employer investigations and searches (Cybercrime, 2001). Issues We have already discussed the definition of digital forensics in our previous section. This section will define the legal issues and will explain the right of investigator and employees of the company during a digital forensic investigation on particular assets. There are various issues which are faced by digital forensics community, which includes insufficient funds, legal struggles, lack of well trained professionals to conduct investigations. Digital forensic is still in infant stage and requires established scientific standards to be used as evidence. Researchers require special tools to conduct digital forensics investigations and thus funds are require to create the same, these tools will help in locating and recovering evidences from wide range of data easily and accurately (Robbins, 1999). The cloud based data storage is also a major issue which is faced by digital forensic, data which is stored in cloud is easily accessible to various users though different nodes unlike the traditional way of storing the data on single machine. This can increase the time consumed, costs involved, efficiency and effectiveness of forensic investigation. Cloud services has various advantages of course but the rise in anonym sing tools data storage at different nodes makes it easier for criminals to cover their crime tracks. Thus for effective use of digital forensic the following issues needs to be addressed. Conclusion and Future Work Digital forensics definition, its uses in the field of cyber crimes, challenges faced by it are discussed in this research paper. Various methodologies which are used to reduce the problems faced by intrusion detection system are also discussed through this research paper. Various legal issues concerning the digital forensic area are discussed. This research paper highlights various areas where digital forensics played a vital role and also the tools and issues which are necessary to be addressed at the earliest for the digital forensics investigation to be conducted in a smooth manner without any hindrances. Various special tools are required for removing issues faced by investigators; Digital forensics community requires funding for establishing such tools to help eliminate issues faced by their communities and work for the benefit of people and for providing shield to the company against cyber crimes. References O'Connor, Thomas R. "Criminal Justice Megalinks." 22 Nov 2001. Web. 27 Nov 2016. McCarthy, Michael. "Privacy: Can your PC be Subpoened?" The Wall Street Journal Online. 23 May 2000. https://zdnet.com.com/2100-11-502433.html?legacy=zdnn 27 Nov 2016. Robbins, Judd. The Computer Forensics Expert Witness Network. https://www.computerforensics.net. 1999. Web. 27 Nov 2016. Parker and Waichman, ENRON Stock Fraud. https://www.enronstockfraud.com, 2002.Web, 27 Nov 2016. Department of Justice. Searching and Seizing Computers and Related Electronic Evidence Issues. Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section.17 Dec 2001 https://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/searching.html, 26 Nov 2016. Fisher, Dennis. Blaster Worm on the Move eWEEK Enterprise News and Reviews Online. 12 Aug. 2003 https://www.eweek.com/print_article/0, 3048, a=46260, 00.asp, 26 Nov 2016. Hachman, Mark. Feds Send Message With Blaster Arrest eWEEK Enterprise News and Reviews Online. 29 Aug. 2003 https://www.eweek.com/print_article/0,3048, a=58615, 00.asp, 27 Nov 2016. Salkever. Alex. Hot on the E-trail of Evidence at Enron Business Week Online. Jan. 29, 2002. https://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/ jan2002/nf20020129_3701.htm, 27 Nov 2016. M, M. E."A Brief History of Computer Crime: A".Norwich University.26 Nov2016. Adams, Richard."'The emergence of cloud storage and the need for a new digital forensic process model". Murdoch University. 27 Nov 2016.

Guns In America Essays (1309 words) - Firearms, Gun Politics

Guns In America GUNS IN AMERICA Dan Collins English 2/27/00 Today in America, gun control is a very serious issue. There are different opinions on this issue, the National Rifle Association (NRA), feels that guns are safe when used for protection by responsible citizens, others feel that guns are far to dangerous to be kept in homes, and that guns should not be owned by anyone, only used by the National Guard and law enforcement. These people think their opinions are correct according to the second amendment, the amendment that deals with the bearing of arms by citizens of America, but there have been different interpretations of it. The reason that people feel gun ownership is such a problem is that so many people lose their lives by them each year. Personally, I feel that guns lead to increases in crime, murder, and household accidents. By reducing availability of guns and providing education on gun safety, I think that these things will help make America safer. Before making up my mind on what I felt about the issue, I made sure to conside r the opinions of others and to collect statistics. People from the (NRA), who are against gun control, feel that the people are responsible for the negative effects guns have on America. Helen Smith, a forensic psychologist who shares the ideas of the NRA, wrote an article titled ?It's Not The Guns?. In this article, she talks about the increase in school and youth violence, relating to guns. She blames the children and irresponsible parents. She denies that guns are easier for kids to get today which is understandable because many people keep their guns locked up. Dr. Gary Kleck, a criminologist at Florida State University, defends guns in gun related accidents. He conducted a survey, which showed that there are fewer gun related accidents than there are automobile accidents, falls, drowning, pedestrian, fire, poisoning, and suffocation. As a result of his survey, he said ?Subsequently politicians demand mandatory safety classes for all gun owners, yet many more lives could be saved by randomly selecting and educating a group of dri vers rather than gun owners, not to mention the populace at large regarding, administering first-aid, how to eat, and basic common sense safety habits.? Although these people do have good points, I cannot say that I agree with everything they state. For one thing, it is true that the people are responsible for how they use guns but not true to say that guns are not part of the problem. You cannot just get rid of people who are incapable of knowing how to treat guns correctly, but you can take away guns, so that these problems and accidents will not occur at all. In response to Dr. Kleck's survey, I would like to say that although firearms may not be the largest cause of accidents per year, but they do cause too many needless deaths, so something should be done about them. Nine hundred deaths a year may not seem like a lot of deaths to some people, but I assume it would if their child or someone they knew were one of those people. That is what everyone needs to consider. Regarding the fact that Dr. Kleck thinks that more lives would be saved by giving random drivers safety lessons and teach the average citizen common sense, I'd have t o say that common sense does not have much to do with the accidents on his survey. I am sure he has tripped and fallen or choked on his food before at least once. I have, does that mean I lack common sense? I also disagree with some of the points Helen Smith made in her article. I do think she is right that the children who would use guns on fellow students have mental issues that separate them from the average child. But, again saying that guns are not part of that problem is something I would beg to differ. If the Columbine students did not have access to assault weapons such as a Tech 9 and a shotgun, I doubt the outcome would have been the same. Because these two students had these guns, several other students were killed for no reason.

Free Essays on Jacksonian Times

Kohls ideas of the â€Å"Age of Jackson† or â€Å"The Jacksonian World† were mainly different than the Historical stereotypes of this age. He thinks that the Whigs are the ones had most of the power in politics and the economy of this time. Its not that the Whigs were better than the Jacksonian’s or anything like that they just had an outlook about life that was quiet different than the Jacksonian outlook. Jacksonian’s thought that they were always being used in some way or form, and looked for the bad in everything. Whigs looked for the good in everything and were ready and happy for economic and social change. Jacksonian’s have a big issue with economic inequality throughout this book. They think that the Whigs true cause is to own the economy. Kohl defines a Jacksonian Democrat as a man that is torn between the demands of character and his society. Jacksonians were bound up with conflict inside themselves at this time of history. Although Jacksonian’s did change as society and the economy changed they were always looking for someone or something to point a finger at or talk about. These democrats were always thinking of how they were being misused. The Jacksonian’s had three names for the types of people in their world. â€Å"The Jacksonian world was made up of victims and victimizers, the fettered and the free, and outsiders and insiders† (Kohl, 22). The â€Å"victim and victimizers† idea first came about when Jackson wasn’t elected to the House of Representatives in 1824. Jackson was furious when he wasn’t elected, and spoke out about it in his speeches after the election. He thought that Adams and Clay had cheated him out of the House. As Jackson gave more and more speeches his feelings just kept getting stronger and stronger until he finally began to speak out that not only him, but the people had also been cheated in this election. The Jacksonian’s were the farmers and laborers, and things of that n... Free Essays on Jacksonian Times Free Essays on Jacksonian Times Kohls ideas of the â€Å"Age of Jackson† or â€Å"The Jacksonian World† were mainly different than the Historical stereotypes of this age. He thinks that the Whigs are the ones had most of the power in politics and the economy of this time. Its not that the Whigs were better than the Jacksonian’s or anything like that they just had an outlook about life that was quiet different than the Jacksonian outlook. Jacksonian’s thought that they were always being used in some way or form, and looked for the bad in everything. Whigs looked for the good in everything and were ready and happy for economic and social change. Jacksonian’s have a big issue with economic inequality throughout this book. They think that the Whigs true cause is to own the economy. Kohl defines a Jacksonian Democrat as a man that is torn between the demands of character and his society. Jacksonians were bound up with conflict inside themselves at this time of history. Although Jacksonian’s did change as society and the economy changed they were always looking for someone or something to point a finger at or talk about. These democrats were always thinking of how they were being misused. The Jacksonian’s had three names for the types of people in their world. â€Å"The Jacksonian world was made up of victims and victimizers, the fettered and the free, and outsiders and insiders† (Kohl, 22). The â€Å"victim and victimizers† idea first came about when Jackson wasn’t elected to the House of Representatives in 1824. Jackson was furious when he wasn’t elected, and spoke out about it in his speeches after the election. He thought that Adams and Clay had cheated him out of the House. As Jackson gave more and more speeches his feelings just kept getting stronger and stronger until he finally began to speak out that not only him, but the people had also been cheated in this election. The Jacksonian’s were the farmers and laborers, and things of that n...

Accountancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Accountancy - Essay Example But as any student of business knows, evaluation of managerial efficiency or corporate health is not that straightforward an issue. There are two reasons for that. Firstly, all organisations are not established with the objective of earning profit, especially those that are owned and operated by the public sector. If you feel confused at this comment, just think about the London tube railway. Though nobody would be unhappy if it could earn what is commonly known as commercial profit, would any citizen ever quiz the service it provides and, would any government ever dare to even think of discontinuing the service as it is not a profit making venture? Obviously not, since it was conceived as public utility. The second reason why profit calculated by the mercantile method is not always a true indicator of the commercial success of business enterprise is the accrual concept and the conservative approach which lie at the heart of any set of accounts prepared anywhere in the world. By taking into account all possible or even vaguely plausible expenses and ignoring all incomes except those that are absolutely sure, the accountant in effect tries to take a hyper conservative approach and presents a situation which cannot be worse. It might suit those at the helm of affairs of business houses, but these two basic tenets of accountancy do indeed paint a picture which is bleaker than what the actual situation is. Thus many stalwarts of accounting profession strongly feel that a trend of profits, instead of profits earned in individual periods and considered in isolation, would be a better estimate to gauge the financial health of an enterprise. And there is, rather was, a lot of confusion regarding how far conservatism could be stretched while drawing up accounts for a financial year. Some opinion makers of this profession were passionate about the independence of accountants and argued in favour of the

President Obama's Speech in Cairo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

President Obama's Speech in Cairo - Essay Example Throughout his speech, the radical idea was that of respect for the Muslim and Arab world. He believed that this was an issue that those who had been in power had omitted. His speech addresses six issues that cause tension between the two divides, including violent extremists, the situation between Israelis, Palestinians, and Arabs, responsibilities and rights of nations on nuclear weapons, democracy, religious freedom, and women’s rights (Huff Post). Personally, the second issue of the situation between Israelis, Palestinians, and Arabs. Question Two The situation between Israeli, Palestine, and the Arab world is the greatest source of crisis in the Middle East. The conflict in the Middle East, which began in the early 1990s, has been the source of serious economic downturn in the world. Despite countries endeavors to heal the prevailing state of economy, this conflict has remained an obstacle. The Middle East region exports the largest quantities of oil products to the US, E urope, and other parts of the world. The persistent conflicts between the Israelis and the Palestinians often result to surging of oil prices, driving the global economy into a recession. At a recession, every plan by the government in power stops progressing. Worst of all, business, which earn governments revenue get to a point of shut down. Moreover, a majority of the Arab states take advantage of the crisis to achieve their own gains and misgivings (Huff Post). Question Three President Obama downplays Tehran by highlighting the diplomatic recognition of Israel by Saudi Arabia, with attempts to hasten the two-state solution for the Israeli-Palestine conflict. President Obama addresses the Middle East conflict beginning with the Palestinian suffering from 1967 (Huff Post). On what Palestinians refer to as the nakba catastrophe; President Obama expresses his acknowledgment of the issue than any other American president, urging for the cease of Israeli settlement. However, he also de fends the Israeli, referring to US ties with Israeli as unbreakable, and proceeding to condemn Muslim Holocaust and anti-Semitism denials as hateful, ignorant, and baseless. Moreover, he urged Hamas (which has majority of support from Palestinians) to stop acts of violence, recognize the rights of Israeli existence and recognize past agreements, promising America’s alignment policies with countries that promote peace. In his speech, the president preaches for peace among settlers. His main emphasis was violence against children and old women by Hamas, stating that their actions surrender moral authority rather than claiming it. Any form of violence, precisely violence against children and old women to him, is an inhuman act that should be shunned. He gives an example of American struggle for civil rights against slavery and apartheid, asking Hamas to follow a similar non-violent path of resistance (Huff Post). Considering the fact that president Obama is an African American, this statement has significant weight attached. In summary, president Obama exhibits the American devotion to Israel and Palestine. In this, he advocates for a secure and safe state for both nations through the two-state solution. His conditions are that Israeli must stop settlement and the Hamas (supported by Palestinians) must stop terror and violence

Follow That Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Follow That Dream - Essay Example The article â€Å"Free to innovate† by Christine Canabou illustrates how one company, the Fallon, experienced substantial changes in its life after being purchased by the global advertising giant Publicis Group SA. Notwithstanding its chairman fears for the employees to be left their â€Å"home† because it was sold out, the company made all possible to prove that its soul was not going to change. And the company showed that by creating a manifesto that called for breakthrough ideas, such as â€Å"to unlock the entrepreneurial hostages within the agency†. New ideas were transformed into a full-blown company initiative- a â€Å"Dream Catchers† that gave employees license to be a little selfish and make their dreams come true sooner. One year after the initiative was launched, hundred staffers achieved their dreams (visited museums, ran with bulls etc.). The acquisition was as a strategic move the target of which was to help to achieve ambitious goals that th e company could not probably achieve on its own. Today Fallon  is a full-service advertising agency with the headquarter in Minneapolis with numerous awards and open marketing boundaries, intranet  with the same companys quirky humor, full-fledged division of interactive consulting group and redesigned  flagship office that brought a new way of working and grouping people. The article shows the overall positive picture of the acquisition and does not show any pitfalls that usually happen within the organization. The acquisition is about a change and it is obvious that the Fallon agency had certain changes in the top team. New arrivals and changes in the administrative efficiencies could not stay unnoticed by the staffers. While top teams work closely on key areas in order to improve them, the other areas may be left inactive. While acquisition offers the possibility for entering new markets and expand the company with its portfolio, some cultural issues may cause problems

Modern Methods of Construction

Modern Methods of Construction This dissertation will discuss the effect of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) and particularly the Off-Site Construction (OSC), on the building sector today, and how these methods will contribute to help and resolve social, financial, and environmental difficulties that facing the UK. 1.2 DEFINITION Off-site construction is an application of modern methods of construction MMC where building sector meets the industrial sector, or by other word, a fusion between building and manufacturing. Off-site construction is where any of building components, or even a whole building, manufactured in factories away from the actual site where the building will be sited, or simply is where the construction site is different from the building site. 1.3 TERMINOLOGY Off-site construction has different terms, terms like (prefabrication, off-site assembly, factory assembly, pre-assembly, off-site manufacture, etc.). The term off-site construction is generally used nowadays to any part of the construction process that takes place in factories. 1.3 HISTORY Off-site construction is not new, in the 20th century specifically in the post wartime, off-site construction (that time the term used probably was factory assembly or prefabrication construction) were needed to replace rapidly buildings which were destroyed or damaged during the war, But due to the lack of technology and modern production techniques, development in lightweights, high-strength materials, and new modern methods of construction that today is available, it gained unfortunately negative significance. The time of the wheelbarrow is finished, announced Jean Prouv in 1947, echoing Le Corbusier.We need usines maisons, homes produced in the factories Since then, a further sixty years have passed: the manufacturing industry has come with story of success of the mechanization, has enhanced electronics and grafting. Today industrial automation and manufactures from shoes to personal computers, and from planes to crackers, all now machine-made, in Seattle as a small village in China. The building construction is still the same. With very few exceptions, the building remains largely an object made by hand with traditional techniques. And the only construction industry still relies to logical and largely pre-industrial processes. With known effects: low productivity, forecast time and cost much more random, exposed to all levels of quality and possibilities and approximations of production conditions are vary widely, backward technologies and unskilled work. 1.4 OVERVIEW Why choose off-site construction now? What is so different from the traditional way of construction? Why is sustainability constantly being brought up? Before I examine these points, I have to mention some important facts that have already occurred. Since the beginning of the century, it is increasingly being talked about and discussed, the world and its climate changing. United Nations ask for action on it. The world met in a summit in Copenhagen to discuss how they can resolve the raising temperature that might cause damages and risks to the global, and how to reduce energy and CO2 emission. Why I mentioned climate change and we are talking about off-site construction? The answer is surprisingly, buildings are responsible for about one third of global energy consumption and if we add the energy used for construction the amount can easily be increased to the half. All of this means that we need to build very efficient houses and in an efficient way, and thats can be achievable only by off-site construction. There is a severe accommodation shortage in the UK. The Government has announced plans for the construction of 200,000 new houses per year, but that target has never achieved yet. Off-site construction can help the accommodation industry to achieve that target where fast delivery is needed. Speedier delivery in construction is one of the potential advantages of off-site construction and research showed that it can reduce the time of construction process to the half because it takes place in a desirable condition away from the unpredictable weather that can affect and delay the process on-site. And research showed that it can reduce the time of construction process to the half because it takes place in a desirable condition away from the unpredictable weather, factory built accommodation. Offsite construction already features in the production of social accommodation. Skill shortages in the UK construction industry are a severe problem. In 2001 the UK construction industry estimated it needed to train an extra 74,000 skilled workers every year for five years just to make up for the shortages of bricklayers, plumbers and electricians (Verbus System, 2006). In 2009, the chartered institute of building (CIOB) concluded a third research on skill shortages, and the result again showed that the construction industry is still suffering a skills shortage, which is likely to continue to be a challenge for the building sector. Off-site construction can play an important role to resolve this issue. The research showed, compared to more traditional techniques, off-site construction can reduce on-site labour requirements to less than a quarter. This result achieved from some work took place off-site. Off-site work involves different labour that is not under pressure as the on-site workforce. Off-site construction and modern methods of construction (MMC) can therefore make better use of scarce labour. 1.5 DISSERTATION STRUCTURE The dissertation consists of an introduction chapter, three main chapters and conclusion chapter; Chapter two discuss the advantages of off-site construction for the building sector, society, and the environment. The chapter also will discuss the conditions in order to gain the full advantages of off-site construction. Chapter three explain the types and forms of off-site construction, and where off-site construction takes place in the building and in the construction process. Off-site construction takes place in different areas of the building, so how off-site construction will incorporate with the mainstream construction process. Chapter four show and examine some of off-site construction case studies and in which type of building it takes place. CHAPTER TWO: ADVANTAGES OF OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION Off-site construction, as I mentioned, is part of modern methods of construction (MMC) and is referred to as any of the components of the building built in a high quality controlled factories where they use advanced techniques to manufacture highly specialised doors, windows, stairs, wall panels, frame structure, and complete volumetric pods and then transport them to the location where it will be used and to be assembled on-site. Off-site construction has many advantages that are why nowadays there are more companies and contractors using this method rather than the traditional way of construction, even governments make more pressure to use this method to speed up housing delivery. Modern methods of construction can provide good quality homes with less on-site labour, in a shorter time, with at least the same building performance and at similar cost when compared to more established techniques. Off-site manufacturing and partnering processes increasingly play a part in solving todays problem of moving towards a sustainable housing industry. The advantages of off-site construction can be classified into two types; Business advantages, social environmental advantages Modern construction methods can produce important benefits for housing authorities and developers, not the least of which is the reduced emphasis on on-site activity. This is particularly important in a time of increasing demands on an already stretched labour force. As with any new way of doing things there are risks, but these can be mitigated through good project planning and management (Sir John Bourn, head of the National Audit Office, 2005). 2.2 ADVANTAGES Less time in construction process, cost predictability, higher quality, helping the society and the environment, resolving skilled labour shortage, reduce health safety risks, and helping the business the economy. These are key advantages of off-site construction. 2.2.1 Reduced construction time Business advantages give a huge encouragement to the contractors and designers to use more off-site construction components with their design and building processes. The greater speed of manufacturing and on-site assembling is an important factor for business gain. Earlier the delivery of the building means earlier the return of the investment. Modular construction for example, that is an off-site construction, is up to 40-60% quicker than traditional building methods. The predictability of the delivery also is very important for the financial calculation of the business in terms of cost and revenue. The manufacturing process of the components in quality controlled factories is nearly accurately estimated as well as the delivery to the site and the assembly operation. 2.2.2 Cost Predictability Cost-effectiveness is an important factor to show the difference between the off-site construction method and the conventional one. Approximately, around 80% of the construction costs are fixed within the first 20% of the design process. The graph below highlights the potential for cost reduction and alternatively the resistance to the cost of change during the project life. As the project progresses, the opportunities for implementing variation or change reduce and the consequent costs associated with these variations rise substantially, Where off-site production techniques are to be used, these should be introduced early in the process. While off-site construction has tended in the past to be more expensive than brick block, now is being reduced to the same level due to the innovation of more techniques and to the variety of the components, and these bringing even greater economies. 2.2.3 Superior Quality Off-site manufacture for building components significantly improves the quality and the efficiency of the building due to high standard of quality control and test. Buildings exceed requirements on sound and thermal insulation levels, so this means that are more sustainable. 2.2.4 Help the society and the environment Off-site construction has also can help the society and the environment. Millions of affordable homes are required to meet growing demand, and there is increasing pressure to further improve efficiency and sustainability performance during construction and throughout the lifetime of the buildings. Off-site construction is environmentally friendly if it is planned well from the early stages of design and by integrating all the supply chain together. Less energy is generally required to develop the modules or off-site manufactured components. With improved process control ,buildings are pre-engineered each exactly the same and so can be adapted for ease of tiling and this should lead to reduced levels of waste on site of up to 70% and subsequent costs. In addition, with improved control of materials flow, raw materials can be recycled rather than skipped as often happens on site. The advantage of using OSC methods related to the reduction of waste to landfill are that the material usage in the factory is reduced up to 90% by the careful design and procurement of materials, reducing the amount of waste generated both on-site and off-site. Offsite manufacturing was identified as a key potential method for promoting sustainability within the construction industry. Sustainability is increased as sound and thermal insulation is improved. Reduced time on site means less disruption to neighbouring residents or businesses. 2.2.5 Reducing reliance on skilled labour While there is a significant shortage of housing in the UK, and the government plans to build more accommodation houses, there is another problem facing to achieve these plans as well the building industry a whole which is the skills shortages bricklayers, plumbers and electricians. Off-site construction helps to build more houses by reducing reliance on increasingly scarce skilled labour by reducing the number of labour where semi-skilled factory labour can be used during the construction of modules. 2.2.6 Improve Health and safety Health and safety issue also give off-site construction an advantage, it has been proven to be a safer method of construction because there are fewer components involved than traditional methods and there is no need for high quantity of labour on-site for the assembly process. 2.2.7 Business integration and economy development Off-site construction helps to integrate the supply chain. When executed effectively, the off-site construction process involves key manufacturers and suppliers early in the feasibility and design stages of the project. This ensures that the specialist skills and knowledge of these key suppliers are embedded within the project and can influence the design and construction phases of the project. Where appropriate these key suppliers should be given ownership of the design and involved fully in the execution of delivery, storage and movements of materials and components. CHAPTER THREE: OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION! WHERE IT TAKES PLACE? 3.1 Forms of off-site construction Off-site construction can take a number of forms. The form and extent of acceptance within the projects will depend on the type of project: Is there a large proportion of duplication or replication? for example; in hotels and hostels, the type of client: Is the client a one-off or repeat client?, and the relationships and the arrangements between the project members. Off-site buildings and components systems range from small bolt-together sections to virtually complete buildings. Systems can be categorised as: Sub-assemblies Frames Panels (open or closed) Volumetric system Hybrids system 3.1.1 Sub-assemblies Sub-assemblies are the most traditional and widely used system in off-site manufacturing which is being used for many generations. This type of off-site construction can include elements using different type of materials such as concrete beams, block floors, and foundations. Prefabricated foundation systems can consist of precast, post-tensioned, concrete beams. An additional examples for sub- assemblies systems are the glass reinforced plastic for chimneys, steel for curtain walling, and timber stairs. 3.1.2 Frames Framed structures, which are pre-assembled in factories, supply the structural support to buildings and are not something new feature in construction. Lightweight pre-assembled frames which can be delivered promptly to the site, speeding up the construction times for the main structural elements. The benefit of pre-assembled framed structures can help of reducing site cutting and the inaccuracies that can arise from it. An example of framed structure is the steel frame module. Steel works in off-site construction are taking the most important part of the factory controlled construction due to the characteristics of the steel itself that can be shaped and moulded in any form; the result is light strong steel modules structures. The UK construction market is one of the most steel intensive in the world, with steel proving to be the material of choice for UK architects and structural engineers in the multi-storey building market. The 2007 Market Shares Survey figures show steel construction consistently takes in excess of 70 per cent over double the market share compared to when the survey was first carried out in the early 1980s.(Housebuilder Developer. 2008). The Steel Construction Institute has carried out a study of different construction projects using various levels of off-site steel construction technologies in busy urban sites. The goal of the study was to recognize the benefits of off-site construction relating to the reduction of the disruption caused to local residents by the construction operations. The study also aimed to quantify these benefits in terms of the reduction in dust, noise, vehicle circulation and the impact of site-generated waste on the environment. 3.1.3 Panels Panels are two dimensional frames that contain both the structural and the infill element, are sealed together on site. Example of panels is pre-assembled floor, wall, and roof panels. Using the right sealants are very important to gain the benefit of off-site manufactured panels in order to stand up the frames rapidly. The simplest form of off-site manufactured panel system is lightweight infill panels that are fixed to the structural frame, where the most complex form are the prefabricated sandwich panels which consist of both, the structural element, internal and external finishes. 3.1.4 Volumetric System Volumetric system is the frame and panel systems, and when the building is assembled and built from a series of volumetric steel or timber modules, connected together to form a room or groups of rooms to form complete structure. Modular construction is also a term used to refer the volumetric assemblies. While the foundations are being prepared under factory conditions, the modules are manufactured and finished (or partially finished) off-site, under factory conditions, then transported to the building site and assembled and connected to the foundations, then added the exterior cladding and the roof. Modular construction is more sustainable than traditional techniques because of the minimum foundations that required and because it is built under factory conditions, the modules are in better quality and defects are minimized. Modular construction uses the same techniques from the industrial sector but the result does not look like mass production product. Sophisticated modules and panels can be produced and can be easily customised by the clients requirements, and with new advanced techniques finishes: cladding and roofing, give the building its natural skin that suites the surrounding. An example of volumetric module structure is bathroom pods. Bathroom pods are a very economically solution when it integrate with the whole construction process in large quantities such as; student accommodations, hotels, hostels, hospitals, and prisons. Bathroom construction process can use Off-site construction technology, which in compare to the traditional way, would normally be carried out on-site. If we remove the construction process of the bathrooms to a controlled factory environment, bathrooms will become more ecological, functional, and with lower building costs. Bathrooms that we call them smart will also become more common with highly environmentally toilets and showers systems and with more advanced technology like tapes with sensors. The quality of bathrooms pods is far superior to the traditional on-site construction, more stylish, with high quality materials, and better for the environment in terms of a lower carbon footprint, lower levels of waste and reduced transportation of components. 3.1.5 Hybrids System Hybrid systems (often referred to as semi-volumetric) are a combination of all the other type, and this type where the flexibility of production and the varieties of consumer choice by combining the best features in a single system play the important role of it. Plant rooms is an example of a hybrid volumetric module manufacturing Plant room is a room or space in a building dedicated to the mechanical and electrical equipments and then they need an intensive labour. If plant rooms built off-site where there is cheaper labour, this can be more economically. Other advantage of plant rooms built in factory is if a project in time difficulties, always the installation of the services is squeezed, so using modular plant rooms certainly will help to avoid this problem. CHAPTER FOUR: CASE STUDIES 4.1 Case Study: British Land Ropemaker site, London Ropemaker is a commercial building for British Land, one of the UKs largest Real Estate Investment Trust. It is built in an eminent site in London. The 21 storey and three basement levels has 55,000 square metres net lettable space. The high profile building has impressive green certifications achievement including a BREEAM excellent rating. The development has been realised using off-site construction technologies in a large number of parts in the building. This study aimed to evaluate two products manufactured off-site; a modular walling system Podwall from Swift Horsman, and Technik flooring system supplied by Grants LTD. The research aimed to compare in deep analysis off-site construction techniques products to the traditional way of construction in terms of; waste on-site and off-site, resources needed on site, efficiency and productivity, cost, environmental impact analysis and end of life assessment, health and safety, and installation time. PODWALL research results Podwall saved approximately 40% to programme. Each floor at Ropemaker had an 11 week programme to install the Podwall (3 blocks per floor one ladies, one gentlemen and one disabled toilet), which would be equivalent to 15 weeks for traditional fit out. The waste on site is reduced because the Podwall is manufactured off-site. The result showed that the largest amount of waste generated is from the packaging, which is very important to protect the product on the delivery from between factory and site. Total waste produced is approximately 213m3 from Podwall washrooms. If we give the low levels of waste monitored during the process of the Podwall erection, traditional waste would considerably exceed that figure. In terms of waste recycling the percentage of materials recycled from Ropemaker exceeds 85%. The Podwall washroom package (54 toilet blocks), which is delivered over 1969m2, has a value of approximately 6m. The main differences in cost, that the services are integrated off site into the walls and cubicles for the Podwall, while in the traditional system the services installation and cubicles must be installed on-site and the cost of the installation of these services on site is higher. The indirect costs in the traditional way do not count as the increased cost of waste and removal, and the increased programme time to install. TECHNIK research results In terms of performance and time, Technik flooring system took168hrs per 100m2 for the pedestal and the floor, while in screeded floor take 250hrs per 100m2 for the insulation, screed, and tiling. Tiling is the most labour intensive element of traditional flooring, and drying time for screed increases programme and risk of damage when wet. The result showed that 32% of time spent laying a traditional floor was non value added time compared with 17% for Technik floor. Techniks 83% added value time demonstrates the efficiency of off-site flooring as well as the reduction in remedial work (WRAP. 2009) At the factory 0.49m3 of waste is generated raising the total waste to 2.81m3 per 100m2. The total waste of Technik flooring of Ropemaker is 24.56m3. While a total 41m3 of waste if screeded floor with tiling had been used on site instead. The screeded floor generates a significantly greater amount of waste compared to the Technik floor. In terms of costs, Technik flooring labour costs was 84/m2, while the screed floor was 114/ m2. Material costs were 140/ m2 for Technik floor, and 147/ m2 for the traditional one. These figures are near, but it is still considerable that Technik is cheaper if we put in consideration that drying time for screed increases programme and risk of damage when wet and the materials associated with the traditional screed design take up a greater area within a warehouse and as such the cost is considerably higher to that of Technik floor. A programme/time saving of 25.7% is made by using Technik flooring, which clearly has a cost saving implication as well. (WRAP. 2009) 4.3 Case Study-Emergency Assessment Unit, University Hospital of North Tees. In this case study we are looking at the new revolutionary building which was designed to fulfil the needs of Interserve Project Services/North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust. The building will be located at the University Hospital of North Tees. The purpose-designed and built Emergency Assessment Unit has been required in order to reduce waiting times for much demanded emergency treatment. This is something the Government has planned as to drive down waiting times for patients. The amount of beds are needed to be increased at the Stockton site as well as the site needing to be able to provide a service to those needing emergency surgical care, based centrally on location rather than some distance away. The unit has promised to feature up-to-date emergency care and include specialist staff who can deal quickly and efficiently with a high number of patients thus increasing patient turnover. The solution to these needs was met through a 2.8m Procure 21 project which was awarded to Yorkon manufacturers, based in York, by Interserve Project Services. Off-site construction and the installing of a 42-bed Emergency Assessment Unit was the aim for the new building as its production. The building included 42 steel-framed modules manufactured off-site at York and installed on-site in as little as a few days. Disruption was therefore limited and patients could rest unaware of any commotion. The 1,710m square single storey extension to the pre-existing department was astonishingly and impressively erected in just over six months from beginning to end. The building also can boast a full range of modern well-equipped facilities for any acute medical emergencies. Features are listed as including four-bed wards, single en-suite bedrooms, an isolation ward, high-dependency beds, consulting rooms, ward managers office, waiting area, Quiet room, staff changing facilities and rest room and also an interview room. Incorporated into the design were roof lights to increase any natural light in the centre of the unit and furthermore holds latest technology equipment. The installations of workstations are readily available and can be used at a patients bedside. This building proudly boasts to be one of the first units in the country to offer an electronic information board too. Looking to the comments of professionals working within the construction of this new high-tech building, we can see the positive influence of off-site technology in providing rapid, quality solutions to much needy clients. The accuracy as well as speed of construction has impressed many working on the project. The patients are the first top benefit thus impacting greatly on society. A faster completion has resulted in an earlier date for increasing the hospitals capacity and implementing the hospitals new care programme. The building has proudly been created free of any defect and furthermore feels and appears like a building created in the traditional on-site method. The impact on the people within the building can be felt as they feel secure and at ease with their impressive new surroundings. After significant planning, the result proves to be pleasing and satisfying to all those involved. Impressive design features are said to include isolation rooms, en-suite bathrooms, no touch taps as well as bespoke window blinds, all that was promised. All in all, a roomy and calm working environment which is properly equipped to looking after those that need it has been established. 4.4 The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) Case Study The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) Study, which was funded by The Department of Trade and Industries (DTI) with support from Corus Strip Products (UK), is started by visits to six construction sites where oft-site construction technologies were being used for data-gathering. A comparative study had been made and followed by the visits to compare the traditional way of construction to off-site construction methods for a 2-storey school where light steel infill panels were used in off-site method against the traditional method, and a 4-storey light steel residential building where off-site modular construction were used against traditional masonry way. The study results showed that off-site construction is by far reducing the disruption to the local residents The growing demand for residential housing in cities, towns, and villages of the UK and the scarcity of so-called green field sites, is forcing developers to build on small plots of land within existing residential developments. As housing is built, so the demand for schools, shops, hospitals and leisure also increases. Construction on confined urban sites presents developers with various challenges including: The construction of urban sites contained presents developers with a number of challenges, such as; the lack of working and storage space, the absolute necessary to minimize the impact of all aspects of construction on local residents, and the scarcity of skilled labour working in construction sites. Last Recent experience with modern construction methods showed that these challenges can be met by changing some of the activities of site-intensive products with components manufactured off-site. For example, panels of three two-dimensional and three dimensional modules are supplied in very short time to local conditions and require no storage space on site. Regarding urban disruption, there is some non official evidence to suggest that the disruption to the local residents and inconvenience caused by construction can be greatly reduced by the use of prefabricated lightweight steel and modular solutions. Such methods do not only transfer much of the construction processes off site, but They also significantly reduces the construction time, thereby limiting the inconvenience Caused by site traffic, deliveries, waste clearance and general construction activities. One of the greatest opportunities and challenges for the steel sector is the residential market due to the increase awareness of the physical benefits of steel. As often, home builders and developers are looking at things more closely as the project predictability and speed of construction, and areas that can generate financial returns earlier. Construction in steel, which has always been a technique of off-site construction, is the solution. With its speed of construction, cost-effectiveness, outstanding performance, and unparalleled sustainable qualities, steels off-site construction techniques provides a genuine opportunity for the construction industry to meet growing, and sometimes conflicting demands, in providing affordable housing in todays difficult housing market By its very nature, steel based off-site construction gives rise to more predictable construction programmes, along with predictable cost, construction quality, programme timing and project handover with faster lead in and onsite project commencement, allowing earlier use and business income return. Ultimately, this can result in the overall construction programme being reduced by up to 60 per cent compared with conventionally constructed buildings. CHAPTER FIVE :CONCLUSION To conclude, a survey undertaken by Contract Journal revealed interesting findings. Although the survey results indicated that off-site construction is on the rise and gaining popularity, the rise is still lower than the desired figures the industry would have liked to have seen. The survey Modern Methods of Construction Modern Methods of Construction DEFINITION: It can be defined as the the process to produce or construct good quality buildings rapidly with less consumption of resources Explanation: 3D PRINTING INTRODUCTION 3D printing (sometimes referred to as Additive Manufacturing (AM)) is the computer-controlled layering of materials to form 3 dimensional shapes. It is particularly useful for prototyping and for the manufacturing of geometrically complex components. Depending on the technique adopted, printing can produce multiple components simultaneously, can use multiple materials and can use multiple colours. Accuracy can be increased by a high-resolution subtractive process that removes material from an over-sized printed item. Some methods include the use of dissolvable materials that support oscillating features during fabrication. Materials such as metal can be expensive to print, and in this case, it may be more cost-effective to print a mould, and then to use that to create the item.[G1] CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY In the construction industry, Construction 3D printing is used to create construction components or to print entire buildings. Construction is well-suited to 3D printing as much of the information necessary to create an item will exist as a result of the design process, and the industry is already experienced in computer aided manufacturing. With the help of building information modelling (BIM), we can facilitate greater use of 3D printing. Also, [G2]construction 3D printing allows, faster and more accurate construction of complex or modified items as well as it will minimise labour costs and waste. It[G3] also enables us to carry out construction process in harsh or dangerous environments not suitable for a human workforce e.g. cold areas like Alaska and Siberia.[G4] China has adopted the technique and with the mass movement of population from rural areas to the cities they consider this technique suitable for making cheap houses costing the country (Â £9700) respectively. Materials used: The most common types of materials used by the printers are: Recycled plastic Bioplastics Concrete Synthetic stone-like material made of sand and chemicals Hua Shang Tengda: Hua Shang Tengda is a Chinese company which has manufactured or printed a two story villa that measures about 4,305 square feet. When put to test the structure was able to retain itself at an earthquake of 8 scales. Moreover, the[G5][MH2(6] house was completely finalised within 45 days. The company carried out the process in one go rather than making pieces and then assembling them. The process included three printers operated by a software, which is responsible for formulating the ingredients, mixing the concrete, transmission, and to 3D-print the structure. The team first erected the frame of the house, completed with rebar support and plumbing pipes and then the printed started The printer has a sort of bifurcated extruder that simultaneously lays concrete on both sides of the structural material, allowing it up and encasing it securely within the walls. The concrete used was C30 which weighted approximately 20 tonnes, it[G7] had the desired strength and inexpensive as waste was[G8] also utilised as well as wastes resulted from the process were very [G9]low. The walls of the structure are approx. 8cm thick and is resting firmly on the ground.[G10][G11] ADVANTAGES: The advantages of the system are mentioned as under TIME EFFICIENT: 3d printers used in construction are very time efficient and a house with the desired strength can be constructed in small time frame.[G12][G13] CLIENT SATISFACTION: With this process, it is assumed that the client satisfaction is more as they will be given [G14]a catalogue from which they will be able to choose the structure of their own choice. ACCESSIBILITY:[G15][G16] The 3d printers are accessible everywhere even on the moon.[G17] COST EFFECTIVE: This process of construction is very cheap as the printers consume the minimal amount of raw materials and waste production is very less.[G18] NEW SHAPES AND DESIGNS: The 3d printers can construct different types of structures ranging from curvilinear to rectilinear and from circular to boxed structures. PRECISION: With 3d printers, we can achieve more precision as it is a controlled process and is not affected by the environmental conditions.[G19] ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT: It is also assumed environmental friendly as the wastes resulting from the process are less. DISADVANTAGES: Some disadvantages are mentioned as: INITIAL COST AND MAINTENACE COST:[G20][G21] The printers initial cost is very high and requires a cleaning process after 12 hours of operation. LIMITED MATERIALS: The types of materials used in these printers are limited. Some are limited to a single type of material. Also, the printers are unable to deal with reinforcements. [G22] TRANSPORTATION: The transportation may sometimes cause problems because of their sizes RELIABILITY:[G23] Machines cannot be trusted and a major problem may occur resulting in the delays. FUTURE: Currently, there is a research going on at the [G24][G25]University of Southern California which I lead byÂÂ   Berok Khoshnevis.They are testing a fabrication process called contour crafting. The aim of this research is that all the processes involved in construction are self-automated. Khoshnevis hopes to print a residential building(house) in a single print. It will include conduits for electrical, plumbing, drywall, and insulation. His aims are to achieve the possible results by 2020 for residential buildings and by 2025 for high rise.[G26] [G1]Inserted: , [G2]Inserted: , [G3]Inserted: s [G4]Deleted:z [G5]Inserted: s [MH2(6] [G7]Inserted: ne [G8]Inserted: the [G9]Inserted: s [G10]Deleted:a [G11]Deleted:z [G12]Inserted: the [G13]Deleted:a [G14]Inserted: , [G15]Inserted: C [G16]Deleted:S [G17]Inserted: the [G18]Deleted:s [G19]Inserted: , [G20]Inserted: E [G21]Deleted:A [G22]Inserted: , [G23]Inserted: I [G24]Inserted: at the [G25]Inserted: , [G26]Deleted:in

Characters of Sir Walter Elliot and Anne Elliot in Jane Austens Persua

The Characters of Sir Walter Elliot and Anne Elliot in Persuasion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Persuasion, by Jane Austen, there are many exceptional characters. Perhaps two of the most memorable are Sir Walter Elliot, and his daughter, Anne Elliot. These characters are well shaped and have something about them that transcends time and social class, enabling readers of the all ages, to feel they have something in common with them. Jane Austen has created a very silly, vain man with immense family pride in Sir Walter Elliot. Sir Walter is extremely proud of his good looks, his family connections and above all, his baronetcy. The reader is introduced to Sir Walter at the beginning of the novel. Immediately his family pride is seen and the reader cannot help but associate Sir Walter with the aristocracy known to Austen. A simple character sketch of him reveals much: Vanity †¦ was the beginning and the end of Sir Walter Almost unconsciously, the reader feels a strong dislike for a man who: considered †¦ beauty as inferior only to †¦ a baronetcy. Sir Walter’s pride and vanity is reinforced in many different ways: the way he acts in certain situations, his opinions of others, his dialogue, and others opinions of him. Sir Walter is a character who will always act in the same manner, no matter what situation he is involved in. Sir Walter uses his family name for authority and decision making. For example, when Lady Russell suggests economizing Sir Walter reacts: What! Every comfort of life knocked off!†¦even of a private gentleman. Another example is when Sir Walter leaves Kellynch Hall and is "prepared with condescending bows". In each of these examples, Sir Walter reminds others of his title, and that they are l... ... Persuasion is still popular today that emphasizes this universal and realistic world of Austen’s characters.    Works Cited and Consulted Austen, Jane. Persuasion. New York: Oxford, 1998 Curran, Stuart. "Women Readers, Women Writers." The Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Ed. Stuart Curran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Fergus, Jan. â€Å"The Professional Woman Writer† The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. New York, Cambridge UP, 1997. (12-32). Radway, Janice. "Reading Reading the Romance." Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader, Second Edition. Ed. John Storey. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998. Wiltshire, John. â€Å"Mansfield Park, Emma, Persuasion† The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Eds. Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. New York, Cambridge UP, 1997. (58-84).

Major Abnormal Behavior Theories of Psychology

Major Abnormal Behavior Theories of Psychology Luciano Lara PSY 303 William Ross, Ph. D. July 13, 2009 Major Abnormal Behavior Theories of Psychology Abnormal behavior has been witnessed by humans throughout the age of modern man.From the pre-industrialized societies of the past that correlated abnormal behavior to evil spirits and supernatural and magical forces to be cast out by spiritual healers or magician with magical spells and holy ritualistic incantations, to the purveyors of modern day scientific medical and psychological treatments that include psychotherapy and genetically engineered medicines, human abnormal behavior has been scrutinized and reconstructed under countless theories of causation through the annals of history.Witches from the middle ages on were thought to cast evil spells or hexes on people that would cause them to act in unusual ways. Well into the age of The Renaissance, demonic possession was believed to be one of the chief causes of abnormal behavior tha t could only be cured through religious rituals known as exorcisms. Even with the prevalence of such ideas throughout much of the past, progress was made towards identifying where the causes of such abnormal behavior might originate.Examples of attempt to move away from the beliefs that abnormal behavior was a form of punishment delved out by the gods towards those who angered or offended them can be seen from some of the great thinkers of the ancient Greeks such as Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle who rationalized that such behaviors could possibly occur from diseased brains. â€Å"Another general approach to the cause of abnormal behavior reflects what might be called the psychological perspective.According to this point of view, behavioral disturbances are caused by inadequacies in the way an individual thinks, feels, or perceives the world. According to the psychological perspective, people are at least potentially capable of examining their own thinking and modifying their behavior in light of that examination. † (Sarason & Sarason, 2005, p. 11).References Sarason, I. G. , & Sarason, B. R. (2005). Abnormal psychology: the problem of maladaptivebehavior (11th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Ambedkar Summary 3 Essays

Ambedkar Summary 3 Essays Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Dr. Ambedkar: A Social Reformer Through the Magnifier of Antonio Gramsci SAVITA V. DEOGIRKAR Lecturer in English, Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon (Rly) Distt: Amravati (M. S. ) Abstract A Champion of Human Rights, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a multi dimensional personality. He was a great thinker, a philosopher, a true revolutionist, a prolific writer and at the top a devoted reformer. If studied and analyzed his noble saga to fight against Castes’ and untouchability through the magnifier of Antonio Gramsci, a German philosopher of 1940’s, he could be hailed as an ‘organic intellectual. His undeniable reforms in annihilating Caste, his views regarding women empowerment, his Dalit movement are really credible moves to wage a counter revolution against Hindu Religion. At the same time he tried to restructure his chosen religion to meet the needs of Dalit community. The noble cause to have unification of caste was one of the constitutional feat ures of Democracy which he propagated that label him as a precursor of Social Democracy to meet the present day situation. The operation of caste, his views on Women’s oppression, his reinterpretation of the role of the monk proves him to be a social reformer that warrant a close examination of his biography and his lion’s share to set a perfect platform for World’s biggest Democratic country none other than India. - â€Å"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity Educate, Agitate and Organize! † This great message was spread all over the world by an architect of Indian Constitution none other than Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. A statue of a man having a book under his left hand and an index finger of a right hand pointing towards a Parliament Building is very familiar for all the Indians. But for the children it is the matter of curiosity of what that book was. That was a book of Indian Constitution drafted by Dr. Ambedkar in 1948 and that is his statue. Bhim as his name was, born to a middle class family of untouchables at Mhow in 1891. Being an untouchable himself, Ambedkar went through all agonies of untouchability. The exploitation of blacks in the hands of White America and the sufferings of the Jews in Germany are well known. In this comparison the horrifying sufferings of untouchables need an extensive study of how inequality creates a breach in the social relations and how different strata of society pollute public relations. These muted people in outcaste community were given voice by the heroic efforts of Ambedkar. He emancipated his people from age-old slavery though virtually. The agonies of his people were recorded by a grown up Dalit Leader, Ambedkar who denied India to be his motherland due to brutal behaviour of his own people where all the untouchables were even denied to be called as men. For a school goer prohibition to draw water from public tanks and wells, his experience of insults in the form of refusal of local conveyance sharpened his anger against the cruel system of untouchability. As a result of that a ‘messiah’ of these Dalits successfully campaigned against these odds like Chowdar Tank campaign, Mahad campaign in 1927. His ceremonial burning of Manusmriti suggests his hatred towards Hinduism and Hindu social order which triggered up the mass movement of the conversion to Buddhism in 1920’s. Depressed classes were prohibited entry in the temples of Hindus those were made open to them under the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar in 1930’s. All over Maharashtra this campaign was observed successfully. These underprivileged were given justice by Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar waged a lifetime struggle against Hinduism. He knew that there was no salvation for the untouchables within Hinduism. So while writing his ‘The Buddha and his Dhamma’, he consciously tried to restructure his chosen religion to meet the needs of the Dalit Community. His was a deliberate attempt to change traditional teachings of Buddha so as to meet the needs for the ages to come. Herein, I contend, that Dr. Ambedkar performed a job of an ‘organic intellectual, for his community. Antonio Gramsci, a German philosopher is less explored till present. First wave of interest in Gramsci was screwed up after the publication of his prison writings in the form of letters in 1947. His extensive observation on the role of intellectuals in society and their function, his post Marxist theory, Coercion and counter revolution opened up new vistas for re-reading texts of ethnic, post-colonial studies. His theory rekindled interest in academic intellectuals, Subaltern studies and social hierarchy. More or less Gramsci has become a ‘classic’ to be read, interpreted, analyzed and applied. According to Gramsci, ‘organic intellectuals’ function to fashion the intellectual, moral and political leadership by engaging organizational activity. They fuse moral and intellectual dimensions. Every social group creates with itself, organically one or more strata of intellectuals. Gramsci noted, â€Å"All men are intellectuals†¦. but not all men in society have the function of intellectuals. †1 Therefore an intellectual is defined by the qualities of their activities, but being an intellectual is more than just being involved in ‘brain work. ’ They lead the masses. They educate them and try to awaken them and prepare them for the counter revolution against Hegemony. For Gramsci intellectuals were the instrument for the organization of human life. These intellectuals were not independent but rather products of the class into which they are born. They carry a special bond between themselves through which they organize their community. He is a ‘permanent persuader’ who sets a role model for the society. 2 Dr. Ambedkar was born to the same community of outcastes who set a role model for the Dalit community and tried to educate, agitate and organize them in true sense of a phrase coined by Gramsci i. . Organic Intellectual. He succeeded in decoding the real meaning of Buddhism and tried to re-structure this religion to meet the requirements of present day Indian Society. So as to say, he was a true visionary who churned up the mass movement of the conversion to Buddhism. Having a Ph. D. to his credit, an advocate by profession Dr. Ambed kar advocated banishment of casteism, then and then only Democracy will prevail. The noble idea of drafting Indian Constitution took shape in his mind that gave fundamental rights to the citizens and dwelt on the responsibilities and rights of the four pillars of democracy. A staunch believer of democracy, Dr. Ambedkar is remembered only on his birth and death anniversaries and his ideologies are almost wiped and washed out of our mind. It’s high time we should emulate the ideals of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and strive for prosperity in educational, social and political fields. But the perception of democracy is a matter of complexity nowadays. As we all know Indian Society is a beautiful amalgam of Castes which are exclusive in their life. Though this is the fact, Caste System poses a great threat to Democracy itself. Most important evil of it is â€Å"Graded Inequality†. 3 Castes are not equal in their status but is filled with contempt and hatred towards each other. This widens a gap between people and divides the society into two strata; higher class and lower class. Higher class always dominates lower class and treats it to be the slave. They are not allowed to have basic facilities including education In wider sense Democracy means a way of life, order of society, a way of social economic relation that is based on the ideals of Principles of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. To implement these ideals, favourable conditions are pre-requisite to have Democracy prevailing; which was just the opposite in the case of Untouchables who were denied of education. There was no equality. They were not given liberty to do what they wanted without being permitted. They were not allowed to enter in the temples or to drink water in public places. And there was no Fraternity amongst the people of the society. For the Hindus, Dalits were not the brothers. But the cursed people. â€Å"Justice delayed is Justice denied†. Same happened with them. The preamble of Indian Constitution and chapters referring fundamental rights and State Policy state it very clearly that there should be ‘Non-discrimination on grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth. ’4 Reservation Bill, the brain child of Ambedkar was just another step towards elevating social, economic standard of the country. That proves that the sculptor of Indian Constitution Ambedkar wanted it to be instrumental of socio-economic justice and the basis of all justice is equality. Ambedkar knew it that since eternity India is the World’s classic unequal society that observes rigid caste system. That was the primary issue of Ambedkar’s struggle for annihilation of caste. Dr. Ambedkar stated fearlessly in the constituent assembly, ‘We are going to a life of contradictions. In politics†¦. equality.. in social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦inequality. ’5 His ideas, his ideals and his philosophy being an ‘organic intellectual’ of the downtrodden, always revolved around human welfare. His struggle was to consolidate Dalits and to make them aware that they too were human beings. To restore their dignity and to give them respectable place, Ambedkar devoted his forty years and sought a chosen religion that could deliver the depressed classes from the shackles of ocial evil. Buddhism’s fundamental issue is to recognize the pain, sufferings in human beings. And real religion resides in the heart of a man and not in Shastra. What attracted Ambedkar towards Buddhism was its preaching of Prajna( Understanding), Karuna( Love) and Samata( Equality) that no other religion advocates. So he gave Dalits new religion to be clinged. In fact Dalit Buddhist Movement is a ‘symbol of identity transformation’ than a true religious conversion. 6 According to Ambedkar definition of Nirvana is not only easily but also theoretically attainable within a single lifetime. He also re-interpreted the role of the monk. They are the active participants in re-writing history. A Bhikku should fight to spread Dhamma. This life time contribution of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of religion, his educational philosophy, his drafting of Indian Constitution and his views on women’s oppression justify him to be a social reformer par excellence. A vast section of India still dwells under unhygienic conditions, poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. We still engage in casteism. What lessons were taught to us by this great reformer is conveniently forgotten. Politicians are running behind vote banks and interested in their selfish gains than the welfare of the masses. On surface we find no untouchability. But at heart the breach is more widened. One has to come to this ground reality and as ‘charity begins at home’ everything good should begin from us. Then and then only in true sense we will show gratitude towards this great social reformer and an active ‘organic intellectual’ who let the Dalits educate, agitate and organize towards a counter revolution. References 1)Aditi Misra. The Political Philosophy of Antonio Gramsci. Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1991. p. 116. 2)Ibid. 116. 3)Rahi Gaikwad. â€Å"Need for Feminists to reclaim Ambedkar seen. † The Hindu. January 10, 2010. 4)Subhash C. Kashyap. Our Constitution: An Introduction to India’s Constitution and Constitutional Law. National Book Trust, India. 1994. p. 93. 5)An Essay on rethinking on Democracy. www. preservearticles. com/ /rethinking-on-democracy. html 6)Buddhism17-25. pdf p. 20